@article {296,
	title = {Robust deterministic model describing the bomb radiocarbon signal for use in fish age validation},
	journal = {Transactions of the American Fisheries Society},
	volume = {137},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 775; 306ZU Times Cited:2 Cited References Count:21Y},
	pages = {852-859},
	abstract = {The bomb radiocarbon chronometer has become a standard tool for assessing the accuracy of otolith-based fish age estimates. Use of the chronometer depends upon the increase in C-14 that occurred due to the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the middle of the 20th century. In previous analyses, a variety of ad hoc methods have been used to compare test chronologies with reference chronologies. This paper proposes a deterministic coupled-functions model that describes bomb radiocarbon chronologies and standardizes and facilitates comparisons within and across species. In this model, a Gaussian pulse of radiocarbon over time is assumed, and dispersion and dilution are described by continuous exponential decay. The model simplifies to the product of a cumulative normal function and an exponential function; despite its simplicity, the model approximates the observed changes in oceanic radiocarbon quite well. It also allows for statistical testing of the timing of increase between different time series and thus permits quantitative aging validation as well as analysis of geographical differences in the timing of the bomb radiocarbon signal. Estimated model parameters describe the timing of the onset and temporal midpoint of the bomb-related increase in C-14 and the rate of C-14 dispersion or dilution, which corresponds to the observed rate of decline during the postbomb period. Nine published chronologies are used to demonstrate the model and compare it with other published methods of summarizing bomb radiocarbon data for age validation purposes.},
	issn = {0002-8487},
	doi = {10.1577/T07-144.1},
	author = {Hamel, O. S. and Piner, K. R. and Wallace, J. R.}
}
@article {591,
	title = {Evaluation of ageing accuracy of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) rockfish using bomb radiocarbon},
	journal = {Fisheries Research},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2006},
	note = {011qtTimes Cited:10Cited References Count:40},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {200-206},
	abstract = {The accuracy of bocaccio rockfish age assignments was evaluated using radiocarbon levels measured in otoliths collected from fish taken off the coast of Washington state (USA). Otoliths from 24 randomly selected fish with estimated birth years from 1950 to 1977, based on paired otolith age estimates, were used in this study. The level of radiocarbon measured in the core of each otolith was compared to a reference radiocarbon chronology based on radiocarbon levels in otoliths from known-age Pacific halibut. The degree of graphical phase correspondence between the two series was sufficient to support the hypothesis that the annuli were formed yearly in bocaccio otoliths but were somewhat difficult to identify. Statistical analysis of the ageing errors could not document a bias in production ageing of bocaccio. Pre-bomb radiocarbon levels measured in otolith cores confirm that bocaccio can live at least 37 years. Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0165-7836},
	doi = {10.1016/j.fishres.2005.10.003},
	author = {Piner, K. R. and Wallace, J. R. and Hamel, O. S. and Mikus, R.}
}
@article {676,
	title = {Age validation of canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) from off the Oregon coast (USA) using the bomb radiocarbon method},
	journal = {Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2005},
	note = {932zxTimes Cited:27Cited References Count:27},
	month = {May},
	pages = {1060-1066},
	abstract = {The alternating translucent and opaque banding pattern in canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) otoliths, aged using a break-and-burn methodology, are annual markings. To validate age assignment, we compared measured radiocarbon levels in canary rockfish otolith cores with a reference chronology developed from known age Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). An average 2- to 3-year phase shift was detected between the canary rockfish and a Pacific halibut reference chronology that was likely the result of differences in the regional oceanography or underageing bias. The assumption of ageing bias consistency was tested with two sampling designs. The first design controled for age-related ageing error, and the second design related birth year to estimated age. No change in the magnitude of ageing bias as a function of age was detected.},
	issn = {0706-652x},
	doi = {10.1139/F05-082},
	author = {Piner, K. R. and Hamel, O. S. and Menkel, J. L. and Wallace, J. R. and Hutchinson, C. E.}
}
