@article {512,
	title = {Carbon remineralization in the Amazon-Guianas tropical mobile mudbelt: A sedimentary incinerator},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {26},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 979; 109UE Times Cited:28 Cited References Count:93},
	pages = {2241-2259},
	abstract = {The Amazon River spawns a vast mobile mudbelt extending similar to 1600 km from the equator to the Orinoco delta. Deposits along the Amazon-Guianas coastline are characterized by some of the highest C-org remineralization rates reported for estuarine, deltaic, or shelf deposits, however, paradoxically, except where stabilized by mangroves or intertidal algal mats, they are usually suboxic and nonsulfidic. A combination of tides, wind-driven waves, and coastal currents forms massive fluid muds and mobile surface sediment layers similar to 0.5-2m, thick which are dynamically refluxed and frequently reoxidized. Overall, the seabed functions as a periodically mixed batch reactor, efficiently remineralizing organic matter in a gigantic sedimentary incinerator of global importance. Amazon River material entering the head of this dynamic dispersal system carries an initial terrestrial sedimentary Corg loading of similar to 0.7 mg Cm-2 particle surface area. Total C-org loading is lowered to similar to 0.2 mg Cm-2 in the proximal delta topset, similar to 60-70\% of which remains of terrestrial origin. Loading decreases further to 0.12-0.14 mg Cm-2 (similar to 60\% terrestrial) in mudbanks similar to 600 km downdrift along French Guiana, values comparable to those found in the oligotrophic deepsea. DOC/Sigma CO2 ratios in pore waters of French Guiana mudbanks indicate that > 90\% of metabolized organic substrates are completely oxidized. Within the Amazon delta topset at the head of the dispersal system, both terrestrial and marine organic matter contribute substantially to early diagenetic remineralization, although reactive marine substrate dominates (similar to 60-70\%). The conditional rate constant for terrestrial C-org in the delta topset is similar to 0.2 a(-1). As sedimentary C-org is depleted during transit, marine sources become virtually the exclusive substrate for remineralization except very near the mangrove shoreline. The delta C-13 and Delta C-14 values of pore water Sigma CO2 in mudbanks demonstrate that the primary source of remineralized organic matter within similar to 1 km of shore is a small quantity of bomb signature marine plankton (+ 80 parts per thousand). Thus, fresh marine organic material is constantly entrained into mobile deposits and increasingly drives early diagenetic reactions along the transit path. Relatively refractory terrestrial C-org is lost more slowly but steadily during sedimentary refluxing and suboxic diagenesis. Amazon Fan deposits formed during low sea level stand largely bypassed this suboxic sedimentary incinerator and stored material with up to similar to 3X the modern high stand inner shelf C-org load (Keil et al., 1997b. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results. Vol. 155. pp. 531-537). Sedimentary dynamics, including frequency and magnitude of remobilization, and the nature of dispersal systems are clearly key controls on diagenetic processes, biogeochemical cycling, and global C storage along the continental margins. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Csr.2006.07.016},
	author = {Aller, R. C. and Blair, N. E.}
}
@article {932,
	title = {Geomorphologic controls on the age of particulate organic carbon from small mountainous and upland rivers},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {20},
	year = {2006},
	note = {082xbTimes Cited:78Cited References Count:77},
	month = {Sep 9},
	pages = {1-11},
	abstract = {To assess the role that erosion processes play in governing the character of particulate organic carbon (POC) discharged from small mountainous and upland rivers, a suite of watersheds from Oregon, California, and New Zealand was investigated. The rivers share similar geology, tectonic setting, and climate, but have sediment yields that range over 3 orders of magnitude. The (14)C age of the POC loads is highly correlated with sediment yield. Carbon isotope mass balances reveal that the rivers carry bimodal mixtures of modern-plant-and ancient-rock-derived OC. At lower yields, modern plant OC dominates the material delivered to the river by sheetwash and shallow landsliding. With increasing yield, a progressively larger part of the POC is contributed directly from bedrock erosion via deep gully incision. Our results support the inference that active margin watersheds are important sources of aged POC to the ocean.},
	keywords = {14C, kerogen recycling, particulate organic carbon},
	issn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2005GB002677},
	author = {Leithold, E. L. and Blair, N. E. and Perkey, D. W.}
}
@article {603,
	title = {Sedimentation and carbon burial on the northern California continental shelf: the signatures of land-use change},
	journal = {Continental Shelf Research},
	volume = {25},
	year = {2005},
	note = {894cyTimes Cited:29Cited References Count:109},
	month = {Feb},
	pages = {349-371},
	abstract = {The burial of organic carbon (OC) on continental margins is strongly coupled to the supply and accumulation of inorganic mineral particles. It follows that carbon burial on the margins should be impacted by changes in riverine sediment delivery, yet these impacts have not been well documented. In this study, an similar to2000-year record of sedimentation and carbon burial on the continental shelf offshore from the Eel River in northern California was examined. The record reveals a 6-11-fold increase in the rate of sediment accumulation on the mid-shelf beginning about 1955, and a concomitant decrease in grain size and increase in flood-layer preservation. At the same time. the age of buried wood fragments abruptly decreased and their stable carbon isotopic composition became enriched in C-13. We argue that these changes can be explained largely as the result of altered land use in the Eel watershed during the past century and its impacts on shelf sediment dispersal processes.Sedimentary OC on the Eel shelf consists primarily of discrete wood fragments associated with coarse-silt- and sandsized particles, and of organic matter strongly bound to clay-sized mineral grains. The clay fraction is a particularly sensitive recorder of environmental change in the Eel system. Above the 1995 horizon, the clay fraction shows an abrupt decrease in OC concentration and loading (OC content normalized to particle surface area) attendant with the increased accumulation rate. Kerogen carbon constitutes a relatively constant proportion of the clay-associated OC throughout the similar to2000-year record. Increases in mass wasting and input of bedrock material following the onset of intensive industrial logging in the Eel watershed may have resulted in a lower loading of terrestrial plant OC in the clay fraction deposited after 1955 as suggested by isotopic mass balance calculations.The Eel River is representative of small mountainous watersheds worldwide that deliver a major portion of the sediment and carbon flux to the margins and that have been strongly impacted by land-use change during the past century. Our results suggest that such changes leave a distinctive mark in both the sedimentological and geochemical records preserved offshore. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0278-4343},
	doi = {10.1016/j.csr.2004.09.015},
	author = {Leithold, E. L. and Perkey, D. W. and Blair, N. E. and Creamer, T. N.}
}
@article {494,
	title = {Early diagenetic remineralization of sedimentary organic C in the Gulf of Papua deltaic complex (Papua New Guinea): Net loss of terrestrial C and diagenetic fractionation of C isotopes},
	journal = {Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {68},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 976; 813FD Times Cited:44 Cited References Count:72},
	pages = {1815-1825},
	abstract = {Oceania supplies similar to40\% of the global riverine flux of organic carbon, approximately half of which is injected onto broad continental shelves and processed in shallow deltaic systems. The Gulf of Papua, on the south coast of the large island of New Guinea, is one such deltaic clinoform complex. It receives similar to4 Mt yr(-1) particulate terrestrial organic carbon with initial particle C-org loading similar to0.7 mg m(-2). C-org loading is reduced to similar to0.3 mg m(-2) in the topset-upper foreset zones of the delta despite additional inputs of mangrove and planktonic detritus, and high net sediment accumulation rates of 1-4 cm yr(-1) . Carbon isotopic analyses (delta(3)C, Delta(14)C) of SigmaCO(2) and C-org demonstrate rapid (},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Gca.2003.10.028},
	author = {Aller, R. C. and Blair, N. E.}
}
@article {484,
	title = {From bedrock to burial: the evolution of particulate organic carbon across coupled watershed-continental margin systems},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {92},
	year = {2004},
	note = {id: 978; 882IA Times Cited:50 Cited References Count:118},
	pages = {141-156},
	abstract = {Deltas sequester nearly half of the organic carbon (OC) buried in the marine environment. The composition of the buried organic matter reflects both watershed and seabed processes. A conceptual model is presented that describes the evolution of particulate organic carbon (POC) as it travels from its terrestrial source to its burial at sea. Alterations to the POC occur primarily in bioactive reservoirs, such as soils and the surface mixed layer (SML) of the seabed, where new organic matter can be added and older material degraded. Bypassing or rapid passage through the reservoirs is a key parameter because it avoids change. The Eel River of northern California and the Amazon River systems illustrate the importance of reservoir transit time and storage in determining the character of POC delivered to the continental margin. The Eel exemplifies a bypass system. Mass-wasting processes on land deliver unaltered bedrock along with OC derived from extant vegetation directly to the river channel without significant storage in soils. Rapid burial on the shelf occurs as a result of flood events. As a consequence, the buried material appears to be a simple mixture of carbon derived from kerogen (bedrock C), and modem terrestrial and marine sources. This is predicted to be a characteristic of the many similar short rivers on active margins that supply >40\% of the fluvial sediment to the world{\textquoteright}s ocean. Extensive storage and processing of OC in lowland soils is a characteristic of the large Amazon watershed. Upland POC compositions are either overprinted or replaced by lowland sources. Upon delivery to the shelf, over half of the riverine POC is lost as a result of residence in sediment layers that are periodically reworked over time scales of days to months. The addition of fresh reactive marine OC, exposure to oxygen, and the regeneration of metal oxidants during resuspension events fuel the oxidation of the niverme organic matter. The nature of the watershed-shelf processes likely produce a complex mixture of organics possessing a continuum of ages and reactivities. The model illustrates the need to develop tools to measure residence times of particles in the various reservoirs so that the behavior of POC can be calibrated as it moves through a sedimentary system. The ultimate goal is to be able to use the organic geochemistry of soils and sediments to quantitatively infer the history of processes that determine both the composition and amount of POC present in different depositional environments. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0304-4203},
	doi = {10.1016/J.Marchem.2004.06.023},
	author = {Blair, N. E. and Leithold, E. L. and Aller, R. C.}
}
@article {999,
	title = {The persistence of memory: The fate of ancient sedimentary organic carbon in a modern sedimentary system},
	journal = {Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2003},
	note = {634jvTimes Cited:143Cited References Count:63},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {63-73},
	abstract = {The cycle of organic carbon burial and exhumation moderates atmospheric chemistry and global climate over geologic timescales. The burial of organic carbon occurs predominantly at sea in association with clay-sized particles derived from the erosion of uplifted continental rocks. It follows that the history of the fine-grained particles on land may bear on the nature of the organic carbon buried. In this study, the evolution of clay-associated organic matter was followed from bedrock source to the seabed in the Eel River sedimentary system of northern California using natural abundance C-13 and C-14 tracers. Approximately half of the fine-grained organic carbon delivered to the shelf is derived from ancient sedimentary organic carbon found in the uplifted Mesozoic-Tertiary Franciscan Complex of the watershed. The short residence time of friable soils on steep hill slopes, coupled with rapid sediment accumulation rates on the shelf-slope, act to preserve the ancient organic carbon. A comparable quantity of modem organic carbon is added to particles in the watershed and on the shelf and slope. The bimodal mixture of ancient and modem C in soils and sediments may be characteristic of many short, mountainous rivers. If the Eel River chemistry is typical of such rivers, more than 40 Tg of ancient organic C may be delivered to the world{\textquoteright}s oceans each year. A flux of that magnitude would have a significant influence on marine and global C-cycles. Copyright (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
	issn = {0016-7037},
	doi = {10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01043-8},
	author = {Blair, N. E. and Leithold, E. L. and Ford, S. T. and Peeler, K. A. and Holmes, J. C. and Perkey, D. W.}
}
@article {2092,
	title = {Organic carbon deposition on the North Carolina continental slope off Cape Hatteras (USA)},
	journal = {Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2002},
	note = {607kxTimes Cited:31
Cited References Count:77
},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {4687-4709},
	abstract = {The continental slope off Cape Hatteras, NC is a region of high sediment accumulation and organic matter deposition. Sediment accumulation rates range from 3 to 151 cm kyr(-1). Organic carbon deposition rates are 5-13 moles C m(-2) yr(-1), the highest reported for the slope off the eastern US. Burial efficiencies are 3-40\%. The organic matter deposited is marine in origin and a mix of old and young particles. High organic carbon deposition rates support remineralization throughout the upper 2-3 m of sediment. Deep bioirrigation to depths of 60-100 cm within the seabed affects the biogeochemistry of the sediments by extending the zone of sulfate reduction and by steepening DIC porewater gradients through the non-local exchange of porewater. Stable and radiocarbon isotope mixing curves for porewater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) indicate that the dominant source of DIC accumulating in the upper 2-3 m of the seabed is of nearly uniform delta(13)C (-21.10parts per thousand) and Delta(14)C (-546parts per thousand.). (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {anaerobic methane oxidation, early diagenesis, margin, marine-sediments, MATTER, middle-atlantic-bight, sea-floor, shelf, south, waters},
	isbn = {0967-0645},
	author = {Thomas, C. J. and Blair, N. E. and Alperin, M. J. and DeMaster, D. J. and Jahnke, R. A. and Martens, C. S. and Mayer, L.}
}
@conference {1606,
	title = {Deposition of Bomb C-14 in Continental Slope Sediments: Use of Radiocarbon in Understanding Benthic Food Web Dynamics},
	booktitle = {Aquatic Sciences Meeting, ASLO},
	year = {2001},
	note = {id: 1368},
	month = {2001},
	pages = {45},
	address = {Albuquerque, NM},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Blair, N. E. and Smith, C. R. and Fornes, W. L. and Thomas, C. J. and Plaia, G.}
}
@conference {1819,
	title = {Use of Natural C-14 Measurements to Examine Benthic Food Webs},
	booktitle = {National AGU/ASLO Meeting},
	year = {2000},
	note = {id: 1367},
	month = {2000},
	address = {San Antonio, TX},
	author = {DeMaster, D. J. and Fornes, W. L. and Smith, C. R. and Plaia, G. and Blair, N. E. and Levin, L. A.}
}
