@article {2569,
	title = {Glacial-interglacial changes in central tropical Pacific surface seawater property gradients},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {30},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-05-2015},
	pages = {423 - 438},
	abstract = {Much uncertainty exists about the state of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the tropical Pacific over the last glacial cycle. Studies have been hampered by the fact that sediment cores suitable for study were concentrated in the western and eastern parts of the tropical Pacific, with little information from the central tropical Pacific. Here we present information from a suite of sediment cores collected from the Line Islands Ridge in the central tropical Pacific, which show sedimentation rates and stratigraphies suitable for paleoceanographic investigations. Based on the radiocarbon and oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber, we construct preliminary age models for selected cores and show that the gradient in the oxygen isotope ratio of G. ruber between the equator and 8{\textdegree}N is enhanced during glacial stages relative to interglacial stages. This stronger gradient could reflect enhanced equatorial cooling (perhaps reflecting a stronger Walker circulation) or an enhanced salinity gradient (perhaps reflecting increased rainfall in the central tropical Pacific).},
	doi = {10.1002/2014PA002746},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/2014PA002746},
	author = {Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean and Polissar, Pratigya J. and Jacobel, Allison W. and Hovan, Steven A. and Pockalny, Robert A. and Lyle, Mitchell and Murray, Richard W. and Ravelo, A. Christina and Bova, Samantha C. and Dunlea, Ann G. and Ford, Heather L. and Hertzberg, Jennifer E. and Wertman, Christina A. and Maloney, Ashley E. and Shackford, Julia K. and Wejnert, Katherine and Xie, Ruifang C.}
}
@inbook {1390,
	title = {North Atlantic intermediate depth variability during the Younger Dryas; evidence from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 coupled climate model},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph, vol. 173},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 857; American Geophysical Union 2005 fall meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, Dec 5-9, 2005 NSF grants OCE-0096495, ATM-0502428, OCE-0096472, OCE-0220776 and ATM-0501351 References: 72; illus.; Y},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {247-263},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, Atlantic Ocean, benthic environment, Cenozoic, chemical ratios, Foraminifera, Glaciation, Gulf of Mexico, ice cores, Invertebrata, isotope ratios, isotopes, Little Bahama Bank, Mg/Ca, microfossils, North Atlantic, O-18/O-16, oxygen, paleo-oceanography, paleobathymetry, paleosalinity, paleotemperature, Pleistocene, Protista, Quaternary, Stable isotopes, Straits of Florida, upper, upper Weichselian, Weichselian, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {9780875904382},
	author = {Came, Rosemarie E. and Curry, William B. and Oppo, Delia W. and Broccoli, Anthony J. and Stouffer, Ronald J. and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean},
	editor = {Schmittner, Andreas}
}
@inbook {1433,
	title = {Variability of the marine ITCZ over the eastern Pacific during the past 30,000 years: Regional perspective and global context},
	booktitle = {The Hadley Circulation: Present, Past and Future},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 642},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {347-369},
	publisher = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	organization = {Kluwer Academic Publishers},
	author = {Koutavas, Athanasios and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean},
	editor = {Bradley, R. S.}
}
@article {950,
	title = {El Nino-like pattern in Ice Age Tropical Pacific Sea surace temperature},
	journal = {Science},
	volume = {297},
	year = {2002},
	note = {id: 644},
	pages = {226-230},
	abstract = {Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the cold tongue of the eastern equatorial Pacific exert powerful controls on global atmospheric circulation patterns. We examined climate variability in this region from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the present, using a SST record reconstructed from magnesium/calcium ratios in foraminifera from sea-floor sediments near the Gal{\'a}pagos Islands. Cold-tongue SST varied coherently with precession-induced changes in seasonality during the past 30,000 years. Observed LGM cooling of just 1.2{\textdegree}C implies a relaxation of tropical temperature gradients, weakened Hadley and Walker circulation, southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and a persistent El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}like pattern in the tropical Pacific. This is contrasted with mid-Holocene cooling suggestive of a La Ni{\~n}a{\textendash}like pattern with enhanced SST gradients and strengthened trade winds. Our results support a potent role for altered tropical Pacific SST gradients in global climate variations.},
	doi = {10.1126/science.1072376 },
	author = {Koutavas, Athanasios and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean and Marchitto, Thomas M. and Sachs, Julian P.}
}
