@article {2888,
	title = {Decreased sedimentation efficiency of petro- and non-petro-carbon caused by a dispersant for Macondo surrogate oil in a mesocosm simulating a coastal microbial community},
	journal = {Marine Chemistry},
	volume = {206},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Jan-10-2018},
	pages = {34 - 43},
	abstract = {Large amounts of mucous-rich oil-containing marine snow formed in surface waters adjacent to the Deepwater Horizon spill. This marine oil snow (MOS) was implicated in oil delivery to the seafloor. Whether the use of chemical dispersants increased or decreased MOS sedimentation remains controversial. We conducted mesocosm experiments testing the effects of oil and oil plus a dispersant on MOS formation and sedimentation, in coastal seawater. The four treatments used were a surrogate Macondo oil water accommodated fraction ({\textquotedblleft}WAF{\textquotedblright}), two concentrations of chemically-enhanced WAF ({\textquotedblleft}CEWAF{\textquotedblright} and diluted CEWAF, {\textquotedblleft}DCEWAF{\textquotedblright}) containing a dispersant and oil, and Controls (no additions). Based on radiocarbon and 13C NMR results, the presence of dispersants enhanced the amounts of petro-carbon being incorporated into the sinking oil-carrying aggregates (aka MOS). However, most of the chemically-dispersed oil preferentially partitioned into the colloidal and suspended particulate fractions rather than into the rapidly forming MOS. Thus the oil and non-petro-carbon sedimentation efficiency in treatments with a dispersant was much lower, compared to those in the Control and WAF treatments, during the four-day mesocosm experiment. Formation of MOS and its subsequent sinking sequestered the oil in two stages: first via terrestrial-derived detritus containing humic compounds, and subsequently via freshly produced material, such as exopolymeric substances produced by phytoplankton and bacteria.},
	issn = {03044203},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marchem.2018.09.002},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0304420318301415},
	author = {Xu, Chen and Zhang, Saijin and Beaver, Morgan and Wozniak, Andrew and Obeid, Wassim and Lin, Youmin and Wade, Terry L. and Schwehr, Kathleen A. and Lin, Peng and Sun, Luni and Hatcher, Patrick G. and Chin, Wei-Chun and Chiu, Meng-Hsuen and Knap, Anthony H. and Dean, Kendra and Quigg, Antonietta and Santschi, Peter H.}
}
@article {2481,
	title = {Sedimentation Pulse in the NE Gulf of Mexico following the 2010 DWH Blowout},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Feb-07-2016},
	pages = {e0132341},
	abstract = {The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil discharge at the seafloor as recorded in bottom sediments of the DeSoto Canyon region in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. Through a close coupling of sedimentological, geochemical, and biological approaches, multiple independent lines of evidence from 11 sites sampled in November/December 2010 revealed that the upper ~1 cm depth interval is distinct from underlying sediments and results indicate that particles originated at the sea surface. Consistent dissimilarities in grain size over the surficial ~1 cm of sediments correspond to excess 234Th depths, which indicates a lack of vertical mixing (bioturbation), suggesting the entire layer was deposited within a 4{\textendash}5 month period. Further, a time series from four deep-sea sites sampled up to three additional times over the following two years revealed that excess 234Th depths, accumulation rates, and 234Th inventories decreased rapidly, within a few to several months after initial coring. The interpretation of a rapid sedimentation pulse is corroborated by stratification in solid phase Mn, which is linked to diagenesis and redox change, and the dramatic decrease in benthic formanifera density that was recorded in surficial sediments. Results are consistent with a brief depositional pulse that was also reported in previous studies of sediments, and marine snow formation in surface waters closer to the wellhead during the summer and fall of 2010. Although sediment input from the Mississippi River and advective transport may influence sedimentation on the seafloor in the DeSoto Canyon region, we conclude based on multidisciplinary evidence that the sedimentation pulse in late 2010 is the product of marine snow formation and is likely linked to the DWH discharge.},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0132341},
	url = {http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132341},
	author = {Brooks, Gregg R. and Larson, Rebekka A. and Schwing, Patrick T. and Romero, Isabel and Moore, Christopher and Reichart, Gert-Jan and Jilbert, Tom and Chanton, Jeff P. and Hastings, David W. and Overholt, Will A. and Marks, Kala P. and Kostka, Joel E. and Holmes, Charles W. and Hollander, David},
	editor = {Chin, Wei-Chun}
}
