@article {547,
	title = {Sedimentary and faunal signatures of the post-glacial marine drowning of the Pontocaspian Gemlik {\textquotedblleft}lake{\textquotedblright} (Sea of Marmara)},
	journal = {Quaternary International},
	volume = {345},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {11-17},
	abstract = {A Late Pleistocene (Neoeuxinian) Pontocaspian fauna is documented from sediments cored at̴ \~{}75 m present water depth in the shallow-silled (\~{}50 m) Gulf of Gemlik, Sea of Marmara. As determined by AMS-14C dating of Pontocaspian gastropods (15,860 {\textpm} 90 BP uncal.), the age of such fauna is consistent with known episodes of Caspian overflow into the Black Sea Basin (Early Hvalynian floods). The fossil mollusc fauna is relatively diverse (12 non-marine taxa), made up of neritid and hydrobioid gastropods, and dreissenid and lymnocardiine bivalves. The presence of hitherto poorly known Pontocaspian taxa in the Sea of Marmara, further documented by the record in Gulf of Gemlik, seems to document that the Neoeuxinian Sea extended south of the Bosporus in the latest Pleistocene. Further, they provide insight into the origin of the modern Black Sea Pontocaspian taxa. The Gemlik Neoeuxinian lacustrine-brackish fauna under scrutiny is the westernmost known expansion of the Pontocaspian domain during the Late Pleistocene. This distinct biogeographic faunal affinity, with all its eastbound implications in terms of landscape and seaway connections, came to an end with the abrupt marine inundation that accompanied the postglacial sea-level rise from the Mediterranean Sea.},
	issn = {1040-6182},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.045},
	author = {Taviani, M. and Angeletti, L. and Cagatay, M. N. and Gasperini, L. and Polonia, A. and Wesselingh, F. P.}
}
@article {216,
	title = {Late glacial to Holocene sea-level changes in the Sea of Marmara: new evidence from high-resolution seismics and core studies},
	journal = {Geo-Marine Letters},
	volume = {31},
	year = {2011},
	note = {id: 2113; PT: J; TC: 0; J9: GEO-MAR LETT; UT: WOS:000286334700001},
	pages = {1-18},
	abstract = {The late glacial to Holocene sedimentary record of the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara (SoM) has been documented by detailed seismo-, chrono-, and biostratigraphic analyses using sub-bottom (Chirp) profiles and sediment cores. During MIS 3 and the main part of MIS 2 (60-15 (14)C ka b.p.), disconnection from the Mediterranean and Black seas together with a dry climate resulted in a regression in the SoM, when the Sea was transformed into a brackish lake. The river incisions below 105 m water depth along the northern shelf took place during the last glacial maximum, when the lake level was modulated by stillstands at -98 and -93 m. The post-glacial freshwater transgressive stage of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright} occurred between 15 and 13.5 (14)C ka b.p., leading to a rise in water level to -85 m by 13.0 (14)C ka b.p., as evidenced by broad wave-cut terraces along the northern shelf. Since 12 (14)C ka b.p., high-frequency sea-level fluctuations have been identified at the SoM entrance to the Strait of A degrees stanbul (SoI). Thus, wave-cut terraces have been recorded at water depths of -76 and -71 m that, according to an age model for core MD04-2750, have ages of 11.5 and 10.5 (14)C ka b.p., respectively. Ancient shoreline at -65 m along the northern shelf presumably formed soon after the Younger Dryas (YD) at ca. 10.1 (14)C ka b.p. Moreover, there is compelling evidence of Holocene outflow from the Sea of Marmara to the Black Sea. At the SoM entrance to the SoI, the existence of bioherms on the reflector surface together with abundant Brizalina spathulata and Protoglobulimina pupoides in a core suggests a return to higher salinities due to strong Mediterranean water incursion into the SoM at similar to 8.8 (14)C ka b.p. This finding is consistent with earlier suggestions that, after the YD, the Black Sea was flooded by outflow from the SoM as a result of global sea-level rise.},
	issn = {0276-0460},
	doi = {10.1007/s00367-010-0211-1},
	author = {Eri{\c s}, K{\"u}r{\c s}ad Kadir and Cagatay, M. N. and Akcer, Sena and Gasperini, Luca and Mart, Yosi}
}
@article {473,
	title = {Late Pleistocene-Holocene evolution of the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {265},
	year = {2009},
	note = {id: 1843; 500UN Times Cited:1 Cited References Count:80Y},
	pages = {87-100},
	abstract = {Chirp sub-bottom profiling, multibeam bathymetric mapping and a combination of faunal and isotopic analysis of molluscs and foraminifera in sediment cores on the northern shelf of the Sea of Marmara (SoM) provide evidence of sea-level excursions, water exchanges between the adjacent Mediterranean and Black Seas, and oscillating salinity over the last 160 ka bp. During the marine isotope stages MIS-2, MIS-3, MIS-4 and MIS-6 the SoM disconnected from the Mediterranean Sea and evolved into a lake. During MIS-1, MIS-5 and MIS-7, the SoM reconnected and became salty once again. Sapropels formed shortly after each invasion of Mediterranean saltwater observed in our cores. Concurrent suboxic-dysoxic conditions prevailed over quite shallow substrates on the shelf. Ancient shorelines are pervasive at -85 m on the northern shelf and in the region of Prince Islands coincident with the elevation of the modern bedrock sill in the Canakkale (Dardanelles) Strait. At times when global (eustatic) sea level dropped below this sill, the surface of the SoM stabilized at its outlet and freshened. Thus this particular shoreline is interpreted as the edge of the most recent SoM lake that existed from about 75 ka bp to 12 ka bp. The freshening is observed in very light (-6 parts per thousand) values of delta O-18 measured on freshwater molluscs and the complete absence of foraminifera. Two brief lacustrine episodes during MIS-5 suggest that the level of the Canakkale outlet might have been as shallow as -50 m in the past, a likelihood supported by submerged terraces along its margins bounding the modern central channel and the presence of an euryhaline biofacies in Unit L4.1 corresponding to MIS-5b. delta O-18 profiles and carbon-14 dating show that salinification of the SoM and the blossoming of bioherms evolved rapidly after the latest connection with the Mediterranean at 12 ka bp. However, freshening proceeded more slowly once the connection was severed. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2009.06.011},
	author = {Cagatay, M. N. and Eris, K. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Sancar, U. and Polonia, A. and Akcer, S. and Biltekin, D. and Gasperini, L. and Gorur, N. and Lericolais, G. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {474,
	title = {The last reconnection of the Marmara Sea (Turkey) to the World Ocean: A paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic perspective},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {255},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 801; 370ED Times Cited:4 Cited References Count:104; YY},
	pages = {64-82},
	abstract = {During the late glacial, marine isotope Stage 2, the Marmara Sea transformed into a brackish lake as global sea-level fell below the sill in the Dardanelles Strait. A record of the basin{\textquoteright}s reconnection to the global ocean is preserved in its sediments permitting the extraction of the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic history of the region. The goal of this study is to develop a high-resolution record of the lacustrine to marine transition of Marmara Sea in order to reconstruct regional and global climatic events at a millennia] scale. For this purpose, we mapped the paleoshorelines of Marmara Sea along the northern, eastern, and southern shelves at Cekmece. Prince Islands, and Imrali, using data from multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution subbottom profiling (chirp) and ten sediment cores. Detailed sedimentologic, biostratigraphic (foraminifers, mollusk, diatoms), X-ray fluorescence geochemical scanning, and oxygen and carbon stable isotope analyses correlated to a calibrated radiocarbon chronology provided evidence for cold and city conditions prior to 15 ka BP, warm conditions of the Bolling-Allerod from similar to 15 to 13 ka BP, a rapid marine incursion at 12 ka BP, still stand of Marmara Sea and sediment reworking of the paleoshorelines during the Younger Dryas at similar to 11.5 to 10.5 ka BP, and development of strong stratification and influx of nutrients as Black Sea waters spilled into Marmara Sea at 9.2 ka BR Stable environmental conditions developed in Marmara Sea after 6.0 ka BP as sea-level reached its present shoreline and the basin floors filled with sediments achieving their present configuration. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.07.005},
	author = {McHugh, C. M. G. and Gurung, D. and Giosan, L. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Mart, Y. and Sancar, U. and Burckle, L. and Cagatay, M. N.}
}
@article {475,
	title = {Reply to Comment on "The timing and evolution of the post-glacial transgression across the Sea of Marmara shelf south of Istanbul" by Hiscott et al., Marine Geology 248, 228-236},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {254},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 784; 377ZE Times Cited:0 Cited References Count:33Y},
	pages = {230-236},
	abstract = {In their comment Hiscott and co-authors adhere rigidly to ages and sources for sedimentary units in the subsurface of the Marmara shelf that they have previously reported in their publications from 2002 through 2007. This adherence is in spite of a superior age-depth model from our 13 m-long sediment core that penetrated deeply into the deposits under consideration and in disregard to the results of subsequent more-detailed and full-coverage mapping of the region under scrutiny. The age revisions are dismissed by the authors of the comment as representing sediments severely disturbed during coring. We rebut this criticism. The Bosporus source attributed by them to the sedimentary units sampled and dated by us appears to be driven by their conception that the Black Sea had a persistent outflow prior to its two-way connection with Marmara. Irrespective of whether the outflow was persistent, our reply shows that the drawing of the isopachs of the sedimentary units by Hiscott and coauthors was accomplished in a fashion to promote the Bosporus source hypothesis regardless of the geographic limits of their survey. The ages assigned to the units are equally indeterminate because the cores used by them have missing core tops of unknown lengths that are not discussed in their publications. Furthermore, the sub-bottom reflectors at the sites where the reflectors were calibrated to their only core without a missing top are actually hidden by the finite width of the bottom reflecting wavelet. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2008.04.005},
	author = {Eris, K. K. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Cagatay, M. N. and Lericolais, G. and Sancar, U. and Menot, G. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {569,
	title = {The timing and evolution of the post-glacial transgression across the Sea of Marmara shelf south of Istanbul},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {243},
	year = {2007},
	note = {210tuTimes Cited:36Cited References Count:52},
	month = {Sep 6},
	pages = {57-76},
	abstract = {High-resolution seismic reflection profiles and analyses of the sedimentary substrate at the Sea of Marmara (SoM) entrance to the Strait of Istanbul (Sol, Bosphorus) provide a detailed record of the transgression that took place after the SoM reconnected with the Mediterranean. The sediments progressively fill a paleo shelf valley that incised the margin from the Sol to the shelf break at the time of the pre-Holocene lowstand. We map seven seismic reflection units that can be confidently correlated to sediment cores by lithology and physical properties. Sediments in the cores are dated by radiocarbon methods. Early channel and levee deposits within the paleo valley belong to the Younger Dryas cold stage and record outflow from the Black Sea via the Sol. Small clinoform packages on the valley margin formed in proximity to climbing paleo shorelines. The elevations of these deposits conform to the sealevel history recorded in Barbados corals. The younger part of the succession includes a subaqueous prodelta sourced from the Kurbagalidere River. Its relatively young age when the Holocene sea had almost reached its modem level suggests that the thick progradational and aggradational clinoform development was primarily a response to sediment supply rather than the filling of expanding accommodation space. Our findings refute the hypothesis of Aksu et al. (Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N., Mudie., P.J., Rochon, A., Kaminski, M.A., Abrojano, T., Yasar, D., 2002a. Persistent Holocene outflow fromn the Black Sea to the Eastern Mediterranean contradicts Noah{\textquoteright}s Flood hypothesis, GSA Today 10,(6), 3-7., Aksu, A.E., Hiscott, R.N., Kaminski, M.A., Mudie, P.J., Gillespie, H., Abrojano, T., Yasar, D., 2002b. Last glacial-Holocene paleoceanography of the Black Sea and Marmara Sea: stable isotopic, foraminiferal and coccolith evidence. Mar. Geol., 190, 119-149.) and Hiscott et al. (Hiscott, R.N., Aksu, A.E., Yasar, D., Kaminski, M.A., Mudie, P.J., Kostylev, V.E., MacDonald, J.C. Isler, F.I., Lord, A.R., 2002. Deltas south of the Bosphorus Strait record persistent Black Sea outflow to the Marmara Sea since similar to 10 ka, Mar. Geol., 190,95-118., Hiscott, R.N., Aksu, A.E., Mudie., P.J., Kaminski, M.A., Abrajano, T, Yasar, D., Rochon, A., 2007. The Marmara Sea gateway since similar to 16 ky BP: non-catastrophic causes of paleoceanographic events in the Black Sea at 8.4 and 7.15 ky BR In Yanko-Hombach,V, Gilbert, A.S., Dolukhanov, P.M. (Eds.), The Black Sea Flood Question, Springer, The Netherlands, 89-117.) that this deposit was supplied from the Sol and that its presence requires a persistent Black Sea outflow since 10 C-14 ka bp (not corrected from the reservoir age or calibrated). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2007.04.010},
	author = {Eris, K. K. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Cagatay, M. N. and Sancar, U. and Lericolais, G. and Menot, G. and Bard, E.}
}
@article {1960,
	title = {The North Anatolian fault in the Gulf of Izmit (Turkey): Rapid vertical motion in response to minor bends of a non-vertical continental transform},
	journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
	volume = {111},
	year = {2006},
	note = {id: 532},
	month = {2006},
	author = {Cormier, M. H. and Seeber, L. and McHugh, C. M. G. and Polonia, A. and Cagatay, M. N. and Emre, O. and Gasperini, L. and Gorur, N. and Bortoluzzi, G. and Bonatti, E. and Ryan, W. B. F. and Newman, K. R.}
}
@article {645,
	title = {Sea-level changes and depositional environments in the Izmit Gulf, eastern Marmara Sea, during the late glacial-Holocene period},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {202},
	year = {2003},
	note = {749gpTimes Cited:52Cited References Count:30},
	month = {Nov 30},
	pages = {159-173},
	abstract = {Offshore and onshore stratigraphic studies, together with high-resolution shallow seismic reflection profiling and multibeam bathymetric mapping, were carried out in the western and central part of the Izmit Gulf. These studies indicate that the Izmit Gulf was a lacustrine environment as part of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright} during the late glaciation and early deglaciation until similar to12 kyr BP, when the Marmara Basin was inundated by the Mediterranean waters. Correlation of C-14-dated onshore and offshore stratigraphic units in the Western Izmit Gulf indicates that generally coarse late glacial sediments overlie a marked erosional surface formed during the low water level of the Marmara {\textquoteright}Lake{\textquoteright}. These coarse sediments are succeeded by 10.4-7 kyr BP old transgressive, and by late Holocene post-transgression mud units. The bathymetry and sub-bottom Chirp profiles clearly show that the paleoshoreline of the Gulf was located at -85 m, having been controlled by the bedrock sill depth of the Canakkale Strait. Another paleoshoreline observed at -65 m on the northern margin of the Western Izmit and Karamursel basins was probably formed during the Younger Dryas sea-level stillstand. The shelf areas during this time were colonized by bioherms, which were subsequently drowned and disappeared after a further rise of the sea level. The presence of a -65 in marine paleoshoreline in the Karamursel Basin indicates that the sill restricting this basin to the west was much deeper than its present -55 in level and was located further south. The Golcuk Basin, restricted by a -38 in sill to its west, was probably not flooded by marine waters until similar to9 kyr BP. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	issn = {0025-3227},
	doi = {10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00259-7},
	author = {Cagatay, M. N. and Gorur, N. and Polonia, A. and Demirbag, E. and Sakinc, M. and Cormier, M. H. and Capotondi, L. and McHugh, C. and Emre, O. and Eris, K.}
}
