@article {schwing_organic_2023,
	title = {Organic carbon and planktic foraminifera radiocarbon derived Holocene sediment accumulation rates in the northern slopes of the Gulf of Mexico},
	journal = {Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers},
	volume = {193},
	year = {2023},
	month = {03/2023},
	pages = {103959},
	abstract = {In the context of climate regulation and anthropogenic waste detoxification (e.g. oil spills), estimates of deep ocean sedimentation and carbon sequestration are of the utmost importance. Radiocarbon (14C) is a common radioisotope that can be used to establish millennial scale sediment accumulation rates. The objectives of this study were to: 1) establish ages for co-occurring total organic carbon (TOC) and planktic foraminifera (carbonate) in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM), 2) use these ages to estimate accumulation rates independently, 3) identify any evidence of redistribution, and 4) examine any offset between TOC and carbonate 14C ages as a tool to potentially identify selective TOC transport. Sediment samples were collected in May 2018 from the RV Point Sur using an Ocean Instruments MC-800 multi corer. Radiocarbon measurements of both planktic foraminifera and TOC subsamples were made at the National Ocean Science Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). Radiocarbon ages, calibrated using the OxCal 4.4, ranged from recent to 6407 BP. Linear (LAR: 4{\textendash}24~cm/kyr) and mass accumulation rates (MAR: 1.5{\textendash}11.5~g/cm2/kyr) were generally consistent with those reported by other recent studies in the GoM. At two sites, C14 ages decreased from the surface to the second sampling increment which was consistent with sediment redistribution. The TOC-carbonate offsets, which are indicative of lateral advection and organic matter aging, were lower than those found in the majority of other regions, which was consistent with less lateral transport or a more oligotrophic setting. The magnitude in radiocarbon age offsets with depth could potentially be used as a relative aging or transport assessment tool in areas with little resuspension.},
	keywords = {accumulation rates, Foraminifera, Gulf of Mexico, radiocarbon, Radiogeochemistry},
	issn = {0967-0637},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103959},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063722002722},
	author = {Schwing, Patrick and Chanton, Jeffrey and Bosman, Samantha and Brooks, Gregg and Larson, Rebekka A. and Romero, Isabel and Diercks, Arne}
}
@article {2744,
	title = {Holocene sea-level variability from Chesapeake Bay Tidal Marshes, USA},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Dec-11-2020},
	pages = {1679 - 1693},
	abstract = {We reconstructed the last 10,000 years of Holocene relative sea-level rise (RSLR) from sediment core records near Chesapeake Bay, eastern United States, including new marsh records from the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers, Virginia. Results show mean RSLR rates of 2.6 mm yr-1 from 10 to 8 kilo-annum (ka) due to combined final ice-sheet melting during deglaciation and glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA subsidence). Mean RSLR rates from ~6 ka to present were 1.4 mm yr-1 due mainly to GIA, consistent with other East Coast marsh records and geophysical models. However, a progressively slower mean rate (<1.0 mm yr-1) characterized the last 1000 years when a multi-century-long period of tidal marsh development occurred during the {\textquoteleft}Medieval Climate Anomaly{\textquoteright} (MCA) and {\textquoteleft}Little Ice Age{\textquoteright} (LIA) in the Chesapeake Bay region and other East Coast marshes. This decrease was most likely due to climatic and glaciological processes and, correcting for GIA, represents a fall in global mean sea level (GMSL) near the end of Holocene Neoglacial cooling. These pre-historical climate- and GIA-driven Chesapeake Bay sea-level changes contrast sharply with those based on Chesapeake Bay tide-gauge rates (3.1{\textendash}4.5 mm yr-1) (back to 1903). After subtracting the GIA subsidence component, these rates can be attributed to long-term (millennial) global factors of accelerated ocean thermal expansion (~1.0 mm yr-1) and mass loss from alpine glaciers and Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets (1.5{\textendash}2.0 mm yr-1).},
	keywords = {chesapeake bay, Foraminifera, Holocene, sea level, tidal marsh, US East Coast},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683619862028},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683619862028},
	author = {Cronin, Thomas M and Clevenger, Megan K and Tibert, Neil E and Prescott, Tammy and Toomey, Michael and Hubeny, J Bradford and Abbott, Mark B and Seidenstein, Julia and Whitworth, Hannah and Fisher, Sam and Wondolowski, Nick and Ruefer, Anna}
}
@article {2829,
	title = {Relative sea-level trends in New York City during the past 1500 years},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Sep-08-2017},
	pages = {1169 - 1186},
	abstract = {New York City (NYC) is threatened by 21st-century relative sea-level (RSL) rise because it will experience a trend that exceeds the global mean and has high concentrations of low-lying infrastructure and socioeconomic activity. To provide a long-term context for anticipated trends, we reconstructed RSL change during the past ~1500 years using a core of salt-marsh sediment from Pelham Bay in The Bronx. Foraminifera and bulk-sediment δ13C values were used as sea-level indicators. The history of sediment accumulation was established by radiocarbon dating and recognition of pollution and land-use trends of known age in down-core elemental, isotopic, and pollen profiles. The reconstruction was generated within a Bayesian hierarchical model to accommodate multiple proxies and to provide a unified statistical framework for quantifying uncertainty. We show that RSL in NYC rose by ~1.70 m since ~575 CE (including ~0.38 m since 1850 CE). The rate of RSL rise increased markedly at 1812{\textendash}1913 CE from ~1.0 to ~2.5 mm/yr, which coincides with other reconstructions along the US Atlantic coast. We investigated the possible influence of tidal-range change in Long Island Sound on our reconstruction using a regional tidal model, and we demonstrate that this effect was likely small. However, future tidal-range change could exacerbate the impacts of RSL rise in communities bordering Long Island Sound. The current rate of RSL rise is the fastest that NYC has experienced for >1500 years, and its ongoing acceleration suggests that projections of 21st-century local RSL rise will be realized.},
	keywords = {Bayesian transfer function, carbon isotope, Foraminifera, Salt marsh, sedimentation, The Bronx},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683616683263},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683616683263},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C and Hill, Troy D and Vane, Christopher H and Cahill, Niamh and Orton, Philip M and Talke, Stefan A and Parnell, Andrew C and Sanborn, Kelsey and Hartig, Ellen K}
}
@article {2600,
	title = {Turning up the Heat on Organic Matter to Track Carbon},
	journal = {Eos},
	volume = {98},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jul-09-2018},
	keywords = {Antarctic sediments, Foraminifera, radiocarbon, stable carbon isotopes},
	doi = {10.1029/2017EO080771},
	url = {https://eos.org/meeting-reports/turning-up-the-heat-on-organic-matter-to-track-carbon},
	author = {McNichol, Ann and Rosenheim, Brad and Galy, Valier}
}
@article {2457,
	title = {Comparison of eastern tropical Pacific TEX 86  and  Globigerinoides ruber  Mg/Ca derived sea surface temperatures: Insights from the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {434},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-01-2016},
	pages = {320 - 332},
	abstract = {The use of the TEX86TEX86 temperature proxy has thus far come to differing results as to whether TEX86TEX86 temperatures are representative of surface or subsurface conditions. In addition, although TEX86TEX86 temperatures might reflect sea surface temperatures based on core-top (Holocene) values, this relationship might not hold further back in time. Here, we investigate the TEX86TEX86 temperature proxy by comparing TEX86TEX86 temperatures to Mg/Ca temperatures of multiple species of planktonic foraminifera for two sites in the eastern tropical Pacific (on the Cocos and Carnegie Ridges) across the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum. Core-top and Holocene View the MathML sourceTEX86H temperatures at both study regions agree well, within error, with the Mg/Ca temperatures of Globigerinoides ruber  , a surface dwelling planktonic foraminifera. However, during the Last Glacial Maximum, View the MathML sourceTEX86H temperatures are more representative of upper thermocline temperatures, and are offset from G. ruber   Mg/Ca temperatures by 5.8 {\textdegree}C and 2.9 {\textdegree}C on the Cocos Ridge and Carnegie Ridge, respectively. This offset between proxies cannot be reconciled by using different TEX86TEX86 temperature calibrations, and instead, we suggest that the offset is due to a deeper export depth of GDGTs at the LGM. We also compare the degree of glacial cooling at both sites based on both temperature proxies, and find that View the MathML sourceTEX86H temperatures greatly overestimate glacial cooling, especially on the Cocos Ridge. This study has important implications for applying the TEX86TEX86 paleothermometer in the eastern tropical Pacific.},
	keywords = {Foraminifera, Holocene, LGM; Pacific Ocean, Mg/Ca, TEX86TEX86},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.050},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X15007542http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15007542?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15007542?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Hertzberg, Jennifer E. and Schmidt, Matthew W. and Bianchi, Thomas S. and Smith, Richard W. and Shields, Michael R. and Marcantonio, Franco}
}
@article {2489,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in northeastern Florida (USA) during the last \~{}8.0~ka},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {142},
	year = {2016},
	month = {Jan-06-2016},
	pages = {90 - 101},
	abstract = {An existing database of relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions from the U.S. Atlantic coast lacked valid sea-level index points from Georgia and Florida. This region lies on the edge of the collapsing forebulge of the former Laurentide Ice Sheet making it an important location for understanding glacio-isostatic adjustment and the history of ice-sheet melt. To address the paucity of data, we reconstruct RSL in northeastern Florida (St. Marys) over the last \~{}8.0 ka from samples of basal salt-marsh sediment that minimize the influence of compaction. The analogy between modern salt-marsh foraminifera and their fossil counterparts preserved in the sedimentary record was used to estimate paleomarsh surface elevation. Sample ages were determined by radiocarbon dating of identifiable and in-situ plant macrofossils. This approach yielded 25 new sea-level index points that constrain a \~{}5.7 m rise in RSL during the last \~{}8.0 ka. The record shows that no highstand in sea level occurred in this region over the period of the reconstruction. We compared the new reconstruction to Earth-ice models ICE 6G-C VM5a and ICE 6G-C VM6. There is good fit in the later part of the Holocene with VM5a and for a brief time in the earlier Holocene with VM6. However, there are discrepancies in model-reconstruction fit in the early to mid Holocene in northeastern Florida and elsewhere along the Atlantic coast at locations with early Holocene RSL reconstructions. The most pronounced feature of the new reconstruction is a slow down in the rate of RSL rise from approximately 5.0 to 3.0 ka. This trend may reflect a significant contribution from local-scale processes such as tidal-range change and/or change in base flow of the St. Marys River in response to paleoclimate changes. However, the spatial expression (local vs. regional) of this slow down is undetermined and corroborative records are needed to establish its geographical extent.},
	keywords = {Foraminifera, Georgia, Holocene, Salt marsh, St. Marys River},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.04.016},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379116301275http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116301275?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0277379116301275?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Hawkes, Andrea D. and Kemp, Andrew C. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Peltier, W. Richard and Cahill, Niamh and Hill, David F. and Ashe, Erica and Alexander, Clark R.}
}
@article {2494,
	title = {Relative sea-level change in Connecticut (USA) during the last 2200 yrs},
	journal = {Earth and Planetary Science Letters},
	volume = {428},
	year = {2015},
	month = {Jan-10-2015},
	pages = {217 - 229},
	abstract = {We produced a relative sea-level (RSL) reconstruction from Connecticut (USA) spanning the last \~{}2200 yrs that is free from the influence of sediment compaction. The reconstruction used a suite of vertically- and laterally-ordered sediment samples <=2 cm above bedrock that were collected by excavating a trench along an evenly-sloped bedrock surface. Paleomarsh elevation was reconstructed using a regional-scale transfer function trained on the modern distribution of foraminifera on Long Island Sound salt marshes and supported by bulk-sediment δ13C measurements. The history of sediment accumulation was estimated using an age-elevation model constrained by radiocarbon dates and recognition of pollution horizons of known age. The RSL reconstruction was combined with regional tide-gauge measurements spanning the last \~{}150 yrs before being quantitatively analyzed using an error-in-variables integrated Gaussian process model to identify sea-level trends with formal and appropriate treatment of uncertainty and the temporal distribution of data. RSL rise was stable (\~{}1 mm/yr) from \~{}200 BCE to \~{}1000 CE, slowed to a minimum rate of rise (0.41 mm/yr) at \~{}1400 CE, and then accelerated continuously to reach a current rate of 3.2 mm/yr, which is the fastest, century-scale rate of the last 2200 yrs. Change point analysis identified that modern rates of rise in Connecticut began at 1850{\textendash}1886 CE. This timing is synchronous with changes recorded at other sites on the U.S. Atlantic coast and is likely the local expression of a global sea-level change. Earlier sea-level trends show coherence north of Cape Hatteras that are contrasted with southern sites. This pattern may represent centennial-scale variability in the position and/or strength of the Gulf Stream. Comparison of the new record to three existing and reanalyzed RSL reconstructions from the same site developed using sediment cores indicates that compaction is unlikely to significantly distort RSL reconstructions produced from shallow (\~{}2{\textendash}3 m thick) sequences of salt-marsh peat.},
	keywords = {Atlantic Ocean, Foraminifera, Gulf Stream, Late Holocene, Salt marsh},
	issn = {0012821X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.034},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012821X15004690http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15004690?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0012821X15004690?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Vane, Christopher H. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Hill, Troy D. and Anisfeld, Shimon C. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {2497,
	title = {Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast},
	journal = {Marine Geology},
	volume = {357},
	year = {2014},
	month = {Jan-11-2014},
	pages = {90 - 100},
	abstract = {Late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) reconstructions can be used to estimate rates of land-level (subsidence or uplift) change and therefore to modify global sea-level projections for regional conditions. These reconstructions also provide the long-term benchmark against which modern trends are compared and an opportunity to understand the response of sea level to past climate variability. To address a spatial absence of late Holocene data in Florida and Georgia, we reconstructed ~ 1.3 m of RSL rise in northeastern Florida (USA) during the past ~ 2600 years using plant remains and foraminifera in a dated core of high salt-marsh sediment. The reconstruction was fused with tide-gauge data from nearby Fernandina Beach, which measured 1.91 {\textpm} 0.26 mm/year of RSL rise since 1900 CE. The average rate of RSL rise prior to 1800 CE was 0.41 {\textpm} 0.08 mm/year. Assuming negligible change in global mean sea level from meltwater input/removal and thermal expansion/contraction, this sea-level history approximates net land-level (subsidence and geoid) change, principally from glacio-isostatic adjustment. Historic rates of rise commenced at 1850{\textendash}1890 CE and it is virtually certain (P = 0.99) that the average rate of 20th century RSL rise in northeastern Florida was faster than during any of the preceding 26 centuries. The linearity of RSL rise in Florida is in contrast to the variability reconstructed at sites further north on the U.S. Atlantic coast and may suggest a role for ocean dynamic effects in explaining these more variable RSL reconstructions. Comparison of the difference between reconstructed rates of late Holocene RSL rise and historic trends measured by tide gauges indicates that 20th century sea-level trends along the U.S. Atlantic coast were not dominated by the characteristic spatial fingerprint of melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet.},
	keywords = {florida, Foraminifera, Glacio-isostatic adjustment Greenland fingerprint, Salt marsh},
	issn = {00253227},
	doi = {10.1016/j.margeo.2014.07.010},
	url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025322714002187http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322714002187?httpAccept=text/xmlhttp://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0025322714002187?httpAccept=text/plain},
	author = {Kemp, Andrew C. and Bernhardt, Christopher E. and Horton, Benjamin P. and Kopp, Robert E. and Vane, Christopher H. and Peltier, W. Richard and Hawkes, Andrea D. and Donnelly, Jeffrey P. and Parnell, Andrew C. and Cahill, Niamh}
}
@article {1878,
	title = {Oxygen and carbon isotope records of calcareous nannofossils from the west Philippine Sea during the last 190ka},
	journal = {Earth Science.Journal of China University of Geoscience},
	volume = {33},
	year = {2008},
	note = {id: 1933; NO: Source type: scholarlyjournals; Object type: Article; Copyright: GeoRef in Process, Copyright 2011, American Geosciences Institute. After editing and indexing, this record will be added to Georef.; CSAUnique: 570969-5; AccNum: 570969-5; ISSN: 1000-2383; Peer Reviewed: true},
	month = {2008},
	pages = {183-183-189},
	abstract = {The piston core Ph05-5 recovered from the West Philippine Sea(16.049 degrees N, 124.344 degrees E, water depth 3382m) was used to study the delta (super 18) O and delta (super 13) C variations of calcareous nannofossils. The delta (super 18) O values of calcareous nannofossils were obviously lower in Holocene and the last interglaciation than those in the last and the penultimate glaciation. During the last 190 ka the nannofossil delta (super 18) O values were positively correlated with those of planktonic and benthic foraminifera from the same core. But the average delta (super 18) O value of nannofossils was 0.431X10 (super -3) , higher than that of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides rubber, and was 0.410X10 (super -3) , lower than that of planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina dutertrei. All the above three average delta (super 18) O values were much lower than those of benthic foraminifera Cibicides wullerstorfi. The change of nannofossil delta (super 13) C values showed similar trends with the absolute abundance of calcareous nannofossils in core Ph05-5, which also indicates the primary productivity variations in the West Philippine Sea. The primary productivity stayed at a stable but relatively low level at MIS 6 and MIS 5e.There was an abrupt rise at the beginning of MIS 5d for the primary productivity which retained high value until 25 ka BP. The primary productivity showed a slight decline during MIS 2 and MIS 1, but still higher than that of MIS 6 and MIS 5e.},
	keywords = {02D, 24, algae, biochemistry, C-13/C-12, carbon, Cenozoic, Foraminifera, Geochemistry, Holocene, Invertebrata, Isotope geochemistry, isotope ratios, isotopes, Last glacial maximum, microfossils, nannofossils, north pacific, Northwest Pacific, O-18/O-16, oxygen, Pacific Ocean, paleo-oceanography, Philippine Sea, Plantae, Pleistocene, productivity, Protista, Quaternary, Quaternary geology, Stable isotopes, upper Pleistocene, West Pacific},
	isbn = {1000-2383, 1000-2383},
	author = {Jingtao, Zhao and Li, Tiegang and Chang, Fengming and Li, Jun}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Late Holocene barrier island collapse; Outer Banks, North Carolina, USA},
	journal = {The Sedimentary Record},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 1887; ISSN: 1543-8740 Language: English References: 16; illus. incl. strat. col., geol. sketch map United States (USA) Latitude:N350000,N353000 Longitude:W0753000,W0760000},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {4-8},
	abstract = {We document here the threat of large scale destruction (collapse) of barrier islands based on the study of many cores taken along the Outer Banks and in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina.Around 1,100 cal yr BP, probably as the result of hurricane activity, portions of the southern Outer Banks must have collapsed to allow normal salinity waters to bathe southern Pamlico Sound for several hundred years. Such collapse could occur again during our current regime of global warming, rising sea level and increased tropical cyclone activity. The economic effect of barrier island break collapse on Outer Banks communities would be devastating.},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, algae, assemblages, barrier islands, Cenozoic, changes, clastic sediments, cores, diatoms, erosion, Foraminifera, geologic hazards, Holocene, hurricanes, Invertebrata, landform evolution, lithofacies, littoral, microfossils, North Carolina, Outer Banks, Pamlico Sound, Plantae, preservation, Protista, Quaternary, salinity, sand, sea-level, sediments, United States, upper Holocene, Vibroseis},
	author = {Culver, Stephen J. and Grand Pre, Candace A. and Mallinson, David J. and Riggs, Stanley R. and Corbett, D. Reide and Foley, Jennifer and Hale, Michael and Metger, Lauren and Ricardo, John and Rosenberger, Jeb and Smith, Christopher G. and Smith, Curtis W. and Snyder, Scott W. and Twamley, David and Farrell, Kathleen and Horton, Benjamin}
}
@inbook {1390,
	title = {North Atlantic intermediate depth variability during the Younger Dryas; evidence from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and the GFDL R30 coupled climate model},
	booktitle = {Geophysical Monograph, vol. 173},
	year = {2007},
	note = {id: 857; American Geophysical Union 2005 fall meeting, San Francisco, CA, United States, Dec 5-9, 2005 NSF grants OCE-0096495, ATM-0502428, OCE-0096472, OCE-0220776 and ATM-0501351 References: 72; illus.; Y},
	month = {2007},
	pages = {247-263},
	publisher = {American Geophysical Union},
	organization = {American Geophysical Union},
	address = {Washington},
	keywords = {24, Quaternary geology, Atlantic Ocean, benthic environment, Cenozoic, chemical ratios, Foraminifera, Glaciation, Gulf of Mexico, ice cores, Invertebrata, isotope ratios, isotopes, Little Bahama Bank, Mg/Ca, microfossils, North Atlantic, O-18/O-16, oxygen, paleo-oceanography, paleobathymetry, paleosalinity, paleotemperature, Pleistocene, Protista, Quaternary, Stable isotopes, Straits of Florida, upper, upper Weichselian, Weichselian, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {9780875904382},
	author = {Came, Rosemarie E. and Curry, William B. and Oppo, Delia W. and Broccoli, Anthony J. and Stouffer, Ronald J. and Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean},
	editor = {Schmittner, Andreas}
}
@article {1976,
	title = {Foraminiferal isotope anomalies from northwestern Pacific marginal sediments},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2005},
	note = {917qmTimes Cited:9
Cited References Count:48
},
	month = {Apr 12},
	pages = {1525-2027},
	abstract = {[1] We evaluated the influence of methane release from methane hydrate reservoirs in the northwestern Pacific continental margin on stable isotope values. We analyzed stable isotopes of foraminifera from a piston core collected at 1066-m water depth off eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Carbon isotope signals indicated that planktonic and benthic foraminifera in several glacial sediment layers in the core were highly depleted in C-13; both the planktonic and benthic foraminiferal delta C-13 values ranged from about -10 parts per thousand to -2 parts per thousand. Most foraminiferal tests in these horizons were brown as a result of postdepositional alteration. Foraminiferal oxygen isotopes fluctuated abnormally in the glacial sediment layers, showing small ( about 0.5 parts per thousand) positive shifts relative to normal glacial values. We attributed the positive shifts to authigenic carbonate formation in the foraminiferal tests. The authigenic carbonates have formed when rising methane, from methane hydrate in the sediment, became oxidized as it came in contact with dissolved sulfate near the seafloor. Episodic methane-release events may be associated with great plate-boundary earthquakes with epicenters near the coring site.},
	keywords = {atmospheric processes : paleoclimatology, benthic foraminifera, California, carbon isotopes, corals, Foraminifera, gas-hydrate, kuril trench, marine geology and geophysics : marine sediments : processes and transport, methane hydrate, methane release, northwestern pacific ocean, sea-level record, tokachi-oki earthquake, western north pacific, Younger Dryas},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000787},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000228479400002},
	author = {Ohkushi, K. and Ahagon, N. and Uchida, M. and Shibata, Y.}
}
@article {2015,
	title = {Episodic methane release events from Last Glacial marginal sediments in the western North Pacific},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2004},
	note = {849mvTimes Cited:13
Cited References Count:73
},
	month = {Aug 19},
	pages = {1525-2027},
	abstract = {[1] According to recent observations of anomalous bottom-simulating reflections (BSR),the northwest Pacific marginal sediments around Japan main islands bear large abundances of methane hydrate [Satoh, 2002]. During the Last Glacial, direct and indirect evidence accumulated from geochemical data suggests that methane episodically released from hydrate trapped in the seafloor sediments [ Dickens et al., 1995; Hinrichs et al., 2003; Kennett et al., 2000]. Here we show that marginal sediments from the western North Pacific contain a hopanoid 17alpha( H), 21beta(H)-hop-22(29)-ene ( diploptene) derived from the activity of methanotrophic bacteria in water column and/or surface sediment during a warming period (Interstadial 3) in the Last Glacial. The carbon isotopic compositions of diploptene range between - 41.0parts per thousand and - 27.9parts per thousand ( relative to PDB). In the horizon indicative of a contribution of methanotrophic bacteria, foraminiferal isotope signals were also found with highly depleted C-13 compositions of planktonic foraminifera ( similar to - 1.9parts per thousand, PDB) and benthic foraminifera ( similar to - 0.8parts per thousand, PDB), suggesting indirect records of enhanced incorporation of C-13-depleted CO2 formed by methanotrophic process that use C-12-enriched methane as their main source of carbon. From combined isotopic data of molecular ( diploptene) and foraminifera, the most prominent signal of methane release was detected in the sediments deposited around 25.4 cal. kyr BP ( similar to 100 year time span), corresponding to the Interstadial 3. This is the first evidence of methane hydrate instability in the open western North Pacific during the Last Glacial. Considering the glacial-interglacial hydrographic conditions in this region, the instability of methane hydrate may be modulated by intermediate water warming and/or the lowering of sea level. Our results suggest that the western North Pacific marginal regions may be a profound effect on rapid global warming climate changes during the Last Glacial.},
	keywords = {atmospheric composition and structure : geochemical cycles, atmospheric methane, carbon isotopes, carbon isotopic fractionation, climate-change, cold seeps, diploptene, Foraminifera, gas-hydrate, geochemistry : isotopic composition/chemistry, geochemistry : organic geochemistry, hydrocarbons, interglacial, intermediate water, methane hydrate, santa-barbara basin, sea sediments, subduction zone, western north pacific},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2004GC000699},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000223543700001},
	author = {Uchida, M. and Shibata, Y. and Ohkushi, K. and Ahagon, N. and Hoshiba, M.}
}
