@article {2915,
	title = {Dissolved black carbon is not likely a significant refractory organic carbon pool in rivers and oceansAbstract},
	journal = {Nature Communications},
	volume = {11},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-12-2020},
	abstract = {Rivers are the major carriers of dissolved black carbon (DBC) from land to ocean; the sources of DBC during its continuous transformation and cycling in the ocean, however, are not well characterized. Here, we present new carbon isotope data for DBC in four large and two small mountainous rivers, the Yangtze and Yellow river estuaries, the East China Sea and the North Pacific Ocean. We found that the carbon isotope signatures of DBC are relatively homogeneous, and the DBC C-14 ages in rivers are predominantly young and increase during continuous transport and cycling in the ocean. The results of charcoal leaching experiments indicate that DBC is released from charcoal and degraded by bacteria. Our study suggests that riverine DBC is labile and respired during transport and mixing into the ocean and that residual DBC is cycled and aged on the same time scales as bulk DOC in the ocean. Black carbon is a recalcitrant byproduct of biomass burning that ultimately accumulates in oceanic sinks. Here the authors assessed the sources and cycling of dissolved black carbon in rivers and oceans, finding that oceanic pools are cycled and aged on the same time scales as dissolved organic carbon.},
	keywords = {Changjiang, cycle, flux, HUANGHE RIVERS, level, particulate, quantification, radiocarbon, sea},
	doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-18808-8},
	url = {http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8http://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8.pdfhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18808-8},
	author = {Qi, Yuanzhi and Fu, Wenjing and Tian, Jiwei and Luo, Chunle and Shan, Sen and Sun, Shuwen and Ren, Peng and Zhang, Hongmei and Liu, Jiwen and Zhang, Xiaohua and Wang, Xuchen}
}
@article {2823,
	title = {Dual carbon isotope (δ13C and Δ14C) characterization of particulate organic carbon in the Geum and Seomjin estuaries, South Korea},
	journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin},
	volume = {150},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Jan-01-2020},
	pages = {110719},
	abstract = {We investigated the source, composition, and reactivity of particulate organic carbon (POC) in two contrasting Korean estuary systems, a closed estuary (Geum) (i.e., with an estuary dam at the river mouth) and an open (Seomjin) estuary. A dual isotope (δ13CPOC and Δ14CPOC) approach was applied to surface water samples collected along a salinity gradient in August 2016. Our results indicate that phytoplankton-derived POC was the main contributor to the total POC pool in the reservoir of the Geum estuary, while terrestrial-derived POC predominated the upper Seomjin estuary. A simple binary mixing model using Δ14CPOC revealed a higher modern POC contribution (87{\textendash}90\%) in the Geum estuary reservoir than that (77\%) of the upper Seomjin estuary. Accordingly, it appears that an estuary dam can alter the source and reactivity of POC in a reservoir, which can be transferred to the adjacent coastal ecosystem.},
	keywords = {carbon isotopes, dam, Estuary, Geum estuary, organic carbon, particulate, Seomjin estuary},
	issn = {0025326X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110719},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0025326X19308756},
	author = {Kang, Sujin and Kim, Jung-Hyun and Ryu, Jong-Sik and Shin, Kyung-Hoon}
}
@article {1885,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable isotope geochemistry of organic matter in the Amazon headwaters, Peruvian Andes},
	journal = {Global Biogeochemical Cycles},
	volume = {21},
	year = {2007},
	note = {185aaTimes Cited:12
Cited References Count:37
},
	month = {Jun 27},
	abstract = {[1] We used delta C-13, delta N-15, and Delta C-14 to determine the sources of riverine organic matter in the Pozuzo River, a tributary of the Pachitea River located in the mountainous headwaters of the Amazon. Particulate organic matter (POM) Delta C-14 decreased downstream, suggesting that young organic matter (OM) introduced in small headwaters is respired preferentially in rivers or is diluted downstream with older material. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of POM in headwater rivers were heterogeneous and also isotopically distinct from the main stem, suggesting that differences in landscape processes in small catchments impact the concentration and composition of POM in streams. The delta C-13 of dissolved organic matter (DOM) closely mirrored that of POM in the headwaters, with an apparent decoupling of dissolved and particulate OM in the river main stem. The delta C-13 of POM sampled in 2004 had a much different relationship with altitude than observed during previous years: In 2004, a very dry year, we observed enrichment from the headwaters to the main stem, and the opposite pattern in 2002, when rain fell heavily throughout the sampling campaign. This suggests that during dry conditions, in-stream processes ( such as resuspension or photosynthesis) may control riverine POM composition as opposed to terrestrial processes, which dominate during high runoff. Thus a decrease in runoff in Andean headwaters could result in less terrestrial POM transfer to rivers in the Andes foothills and lowland Amazon with a corresponding decrease in aquatic CO2 evasion.},
	keywords = {amino-acids, atlantic-ocean, carbon, drainage-basin, land-use, nitrogen, particulate, river system, sediments, streams},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GB002835},
	author = {Townsend-Small, A. and Noguera, J. L. and McClain, M. E. and Brandes, J. A.}
}
