@article {2677,
	title = {Coupled ocean and atmospheric changes during Greenland stadial 1 in southwestern Europe},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {212},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-05-2019},
	pages = {108 - 120},
	abstract = {Paleoclimate reconstructions suggest that the complex variability within the Greenland stadial 1 (GS-1) over western Europe was governed by coupled ocean and atmospheric changes. However, few works from the North Atlantic mid-latitudes document both the GS-1 onset and its termination, which are often considered as single abrupt transition events. Here, we present a direct comparison between marine (alkenone-based sea surface temperatures) and terrestrial (pollen) data, at very high resolution (28 years mean), from the southwestern Iberian shelf record D13882. Our results reveal a rather complex climatic period with internally changing conditions. The GS-1 onset (GS-1a: 12890-12720 yr BP) is marked by a progressive cooling and drying; GS-1b (12720-12390 yr BP) is the coldest and driest phase; GS-1c (12390-12030 yr BP) is marked by a progressive warming and increase in moisture conditions; GS-1 termination (GS-1d: 12030-11770 yr BP) is marked by rapid switches between cool wet, cold dry and cool wet conditions. Although hydroclimate response was very unsteady throughout the GS-1 and in particular during its termination phase, the persistence of an open temperate and Mediterranean forest in southwestern Iberia during the entire episode suggests that at least some moisture was delivered via the Westerlies. We propose coupled ocean and atmospheric mechanisms to reproduce these scenaria. Changes in the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) as well as variations in the North Atlantic sea-ice growth have favoured the displacement of the polar jet stream{\textquoteright}s latitudinal position and contributed to a complex spatial pattern and strength of the Westerlies across western Europe.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, Greenland stadial, Iberian margin, Jet stream, Moisture availability, North Atlantic, Paleoclimate, Westerlies, Younger Dryas Complex},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.03.033},
	url = {https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332292599_Coupled_ocean_and_atmospheric_changes_during_Greenland_stadial_1_in_southwestern_Europe},
	author = {Naughton, F. and Costas, S. and Gomes, S.D. and Desprat, S. and Rodrigues, T. and Sanchez Go{\~n}i, M.F. and Renssen, H. and Trigo, R. and Bronk-Ramsey, C. and Oliveira, D. and Salgueiro, E. and Voelker, A.H.L. and Abrantes, F.}
}
@article {2717,
	title = {Tropical Pacific climate variability over the last 6000~years as recorded in Bainbridge Crater Lake, Gal{\'a}pagos},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Jan-08-2017},
	pages = {903 - 922},
	abstract = {Finely laminated sediments within Bainbridge Crater Lake, Gal{\'a}pagos, provide a record of El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events over the Holocene. Despite the importance of this sediment record, hypotheses for how climate variability is preserved in the lake sediments have not been tested. Here we present results of long-term monitoring of the local climate and limnology and a revised interpretation of the sediment record. Brown-green, organic-rich, siliciclastic laminae reflect warm, wet conditions typical of El Ni{\~n}o events, whereas carbonate and gypsum precipitate during cool, dry La Ni{\~n}a events and persistent dry periods, respectively. Applying this new interpretation, we find that ENSO events of both phases were generally less frequent during the mid-Holocene (~6100{\textendash}4000 calendar years B.P.) relative to the last ~1500 calendar years. Abundant carbonate laminations between 3500 and 3000 calendar years B.P. imply that conditions in the Gal{\'a}pagos region were cool and dry during this period when the tropical Pacific E-W sea surface temperature (SST) gradient likely strengthened. The frequency of El Ni{\~n}o and La Ni{\~n}a events then intensified dramatically around 1750{\textendash}2000 calendar years B.P., consistent with a weaker SST gradient and an increased frequency of ENSO events in other regional records. This strong interannual variability persisted until ~700 calendar years B.P., when ENSO-related variability at the lake decreased as the SST gradient strengthened. Persistent, dry conditions then dominated between 300 and 50 calendar years B.P. (A.D. 1650{\textendash}1900, {\textpm} ~100 years), whereas wetter conditions and frequent El Ni{\~n}o events dominated in the most recent century.},
	keywords = {Climate variability, El Ni{\~n}o{\textendash}Southern Oscillation(ENSO), Gal{\'a}pagos archipelago, mid-Holocene, monitoring, tropical Pacific Ocean},
	doi = {10.1002/palo.v32.810.1002/2017PA003089},
	url = {https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2017PA003089},
	author = {Thompson, Diane M. and Conroy, Jessica L. and Collins, Aaron and Hlohowskyj, Stephan R. and Overpeck, Jonathan T. and Riedinger-Whitmore, Melanie and Cole, Julia E. and Bush, Mark B. and Whitney, H. and Corley, Timothy L. and Kannan, Miriam Steinitz}
}
@article { ISI:000262579500003,
	title = {A late Holocene paleo-productivity record in the western Gulf of Maine, USA, inferred from growth histories of the long-lived ocean quahog (Arctica islandica)},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES},
	volume = {98},
	number = {{1}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {FEB},
	pages = {19-29},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {To investigate environmental variability during the late Holocene in the western Gulf of Maine, USA, we collected a 142-year-old living bivalve (Arctica islandica) in 2004, and three fossil A. islandica shells of the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and late MWP / Little Ice Age (LIA) period (corrected C-14(AMS) = 1030 +/- A 78 ad; 1320 +/- A 45 ad; 1357 +/- A 40 ad) in 1996. We compared the growth record of the modern shell with continuous plankton recorder (CPR) time-series (1961-2003) from the Gulf of Maine. A significant correlation (r (2) = 0.55; p < 0.0001) exists between the standardized annual growth index (SGI) of the modern shell and the relative abundance of zooplankton species Calanus finmarchicus. We therefore propose that SGI data from A. islandica is a valid proxy for paleo-productivity of at least one major zooplankton taxa. SGIs from these shells reveal significant periods of 2-6 years (NAO-like) based on wavelet analysis, multitaper method (MTM) analysis and singular spectrum analysis (SSA) during the late Holocene. Based on established physical oceanographic observation in the Gulf of Maine, we suggest that slope water variability coupled with North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) dynamics is primarily responsible for the observed SGI variability.},
	keywords = {Arctica islandica, Climate variability, Gulf of Maine, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Paleo-productivity, Shell growth},
	issn = {1437-3254},
	doi = {10.1007/s00531-008-0318-z},
	author = {Wanamaker, Alan D. Jr. and Kreutz, Karl J. and Schoene, Bernd R. and Maasch, Kirk A. and Pershing, Andrew J. and Borns, Harold W. and Introne, Douglas S. and Feindel, Scott}
}
