@article {2612,
	title = {Climate variability and cultural eutrophication at Walden Pond (Massachusetts, USA) during the last 1800 years},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {131786944304936355638925103443261363251824210727417625108525645371825392233490545519069849653235772249},
	year = {2018},
	month = {Apr-04-2018},
	pages = {e0191755},
	abstract = {Recent shifts in the ecological condition of Walden Pond, MA, are of
potentially wide interest due to the lake{\textquoteright}s importance as a cultural,
historical, and recreational resource in addition to its scientific
value as an indicator of local and global environmental change. Algal
microfossils in six sediment cores document changes in hydroclimate and
trophic status of the lake during the last 1800 years and extend two
previous sediment core records of shorter length. Low percentages of
planktonic diatoms in the longest cores (WAL-3, WAL-15) indicate
shallowing and/or greater water clarity associated with a relatively
arid interval during the Medieval Climate Anomaly, ca. A.D. 1150-1300,
Cultural eutrophication of the lake since the A.D. 1920s caused diatoms
in the genera Asterionella and Synedra to increase in relative abundance
at the expense of Cyclotella, Discostella, and the chrysophyte alga
Mallomonas allorgel. Percentages of Asterionella and Synedra have
remained fairly stable since A.D. 2000 when a previous sediment core
study was conducted, but scaled chrysophytes have become more numerous.
These findings suggest that, although mitigation efforts have curtailed
anthropogenic nutrient inputs to Walden Pond, the lake has not returned
to the pre-impact condition described by Henry David Thoreau and may
become increasingly vulnerable to further changes in water quality in a
warmer and possibly wetter future.},
	keywords = {BOREAL LAKES, canada, CRAWFORD LAKE, DEPTH MODELS, ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE, ice-age, new-england, NORTH-AMERICA, NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES, organic-matter},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0191755},
	url = {https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/04/180404143418.htm},
	author = {Stager, J. Curt and Wiltse, Brendan and Hubeny, J. Bradford and Yankowsky, Eric and Nardelli, David and Primack, Richard},
	editor = {Doi, Hideyuki}
}
@article {1891,
	title = {Sedimentary evidence of hurricane strikes in western Long Island, New York},
	journal = {Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2007},
	note = {182vrTimes Cited:48
Cited References Count:59
},
	month = {Jun 21},
	abstract = {[1] Evidence of historical landfalling hurricanes and prehistoric storms has been recovered from backbarrier environments in the New York City area. Overwash deposits correlate with landfalls of the most intense documented hurricanes in the area, including the hurricanes of 1893, 1821, 1788, and 1693 A. D. There is little evidence of intense hurricane landfalls in the region for several hundred years prior to the late 17th century A. D. The apparent increase in intense hurricane landfalls around 300 years ago occurs during the latter half of the Little Ice Age, a time of lower tropical sea surface temperatures. Multiple washovers laid down between similar to 2200 and 900 cal yr B. P. suggest an interval of frequent intense hurricane landfalls in the region. Our results provide preliminary evidence that fluctuations in intense hurricane landfall in the northeastern United States were roughly synchronous with hurricane landfall fluctuations observed for the Caribbean and Gulf Coast, suggesting North Atlantic - wide changes in hurricane activity.},
	keywords = {barrier-island, climate, Coastal geology, fire-island, global change : climate variability, hurricane, hydrology : extreme events, hydrology : hydroclimatology, ice-age, New York, new-england, new-jersey, past 5,000 years, Salt marsh, salt-marsh, sea-level rise, sedimentation, tidal marsh, tropical cyclones},
	isbn = {1525-2027},
	doi = {10.1029/2006GC001463},
	author = {Scileppi, E. and Donnelly, J. P.}
}
@article {2044,
	title = {Radiocarbon and stable isotope constraints on Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas ventilation in the western North Atlantic},
	journal = {Paleoceanography},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2004},
	note = {870dfTimes Cited:72
Cited References Count:60
},
	month = {Nov 3},
	abstract = {[1] Foraminiferal abundance, C-14 ventilation ages, and stable isotope ratios in cores from high deposition rate locations in the western subtropical North Atlantic are used to infer changes in ocean and climate during the Younger Dryas (YD) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The delta(18)O of the surface dwelling planktonic foram Globigerinoides ruber records the present-day decrease in surface temperature (SST) of similar to 4 degreesC from Gulf Stream waters to the northeastern Bermuda Rise. If during the LGM the modern delta(18)O/salinity relationship was maintained, this SST contrast was reduced to 2 degreesC. With LGM to interglacial delta(18)O changes of at least 2.2parts per thousand, SSTs in the western subtropical gyre may have been as much as 5 degreesC colder. Above similar to 2.3 km, glacial delta(13)C was higher than today, consistent with nutrient-depleted ( younger) bottom waters, as identified previously. Below that, delta(13)C decreased continually to - 0.5parts per thousand, about equal to the lowest LGM delta(13)C in the North Pacific Ocean. Seven pairs of benthic and planktonic foraminiferal C-14 dates from cores > 2.5 km deep differ by 1100 +/- 340 years, with a maximum apparent ventilation age of similar to 1500 years at 4250 m and at similar to 4700 m. Apparent ventilation ages are presently unavailable for the LGM < 2.5 km because of problems with reworking on the continental slope when sea level was low. Because LGM \&delta;C-13 is about the same in the deep North Atlantic and the deep North Pacific, and because the oldest apparent ventilation ages in the LGM North Atlantic are the same as the North Pacific today, it is possible that the same water mass, probably of southern origin, flowed deep within each basin during the LGM. Very early in the YD, dated here at 11.25 +/- 0.25 ( n = 10) conventional C-14 kyr BP ( equal to 12.9 calendar kyr BP), apparent ventilation ages < 2.3 km water depth were about the same as North Atlantic Deep Water today. Below similar to 2.3 km, four YD pairs average 1030 +/- 400 years. The oldest apparent ventilation age for the YD is 1600 years at 4250 m. This strong contrast in ventilation, which indicates a front between water masses of very different origin, is similar to glacial profiles of nutrient-like proxies. This suggests that the LGM and YD modes of ocean circulation were the same.},
	keywords = {benthic foraminifera, deep-sea sediments, ice-age, Ocean circulation, ocean ventilation, pacific-ocean, radiocarbon, SARGASSO SEA, southern-ocean, Thermohaline circulation, united-states, water circulation, western north atlantic},
	isbn = {0883-8305},
	doi = {10.1029/2004PA001029},
	url = {http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2\&amp;SrcAuth=Alerting\&amp;SrcApp=Alerting\&amp;DestApp=WOS\&amp;DestLinkType=FullRecord;UT=WOS:000225033500003},
	author = {Keigwin, L. D.}
}
