@article { ISI:000268272100013,
	title = {Fish scales in sediments from off Callao, central Peru},
	journal = {DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY},
	volume = {56},
	number = {{16}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {JUL 15},
	pages = {1113-1124},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {We study fish scales as a proxy of fish abundance and preservation biases together with phosphorus from fish remains (P(fish)) in a sediment core retrieved off Callao, Peru (12 degrees 1{\textquoteright}S, 77 degrees 42{\textquoteright}W; water depth = 179 m; core length = 52 cm). We interpret our results as a function of changing redox conditions based on ratios of redox-sensitive trace elements (Cu/Al, Mo/Al, Ni/Al, Zn/Al, V/Al), terrigenous indicators (Fe in clays, Ti, Al), and biogenic proxies (CaCO(3), biogenic opal, total nitrogen, organic carbon, barite Ba). The core covers roughly 700 years of deposition, based on (210)Pb activities extrapolated downcore and (14)C dating at selected intervals. Our fish-scale record is dominated by anchovy (Engraulis ringens) scales followed by hake (Merluccius gayii) scales. The core presented an abrupt lithological change at 17 cm (corresponding to the early 19th century). Above that depth, it was laminated and was more organic-rich (10-15\% organic carbon) than below, where the core was partly laminated and less organic-rich (< 10\%). The lithological shift coincides with abrupt changes in dry bulk density and in the contents of terrigenous and redox-sensitive trace elements, biogenic proxies, and fish scales. The remarkable increase in redox-sensitive trace elements in the upper 17 cm of the core suggests more reducing conditions when compared with deeper and older horizons, and is interpreted as an intensification of the oxygen minimum zone off Peru beginning in the early 19th century. Higher fish-scale contents and higher P(fish)/P(total) ratios were also observed within the upper 17 cm of the core. The behavior of biogenic proxies and redox-sensitive trace elements was similar; more reduced conditions corresponded to higher contents of CaCO(3), C(org), total nitrogen and fish scales, suggesting that these proxies might convey an important preservation signal. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Callao, Clupeoid fish, Molybdenum, Oxygen minimum zone, Peru, Redox-sensitive trace elements},
	issn = {0967-0645},
	doi = {10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.09.015},
	author = {Diaz-Ochoa, J. A. and Lange, C. B. and Pantoja, S. and De lange, G. J. and Gutierrez, D. and Munoz, P. and Salamanca, M.}
}
@article { ISI:000269223500001,
	title = {Recently exposed vegetation reveals Holocene changes in the extent of the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru},
	journal = {QUATERNARY RESEARCH},
	volume = {72},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {157-163},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of well-preserved, in-place vegetation exposed by the retreating Quelccaya Ice Cap of southeastern Peru constrains the last time the ice cap{\textquoteright}s extent was smaller than at present. Seventeen plant samples from two sites along the central western margin collectively date to 4700 and 5100 cal yr BP and strongly indicate that current ice cap retreat is unprecedented over the past similar to 5 millennia. Seventeen vegetation samples interbedded in a nearby clastic sedimentary sequence suggest ice-free conditions at this site from similar to 5200 to at least similar to 7000 cal yr BP, and place minimum constraint on early- to mid-Holocene ice cap extent. (C) 2009 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {14C dating, Andes, Climate change, Glacier retreat, Holocene, Peru, Quelccaya Ice Cap, South America, Tropical glaciers},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.007},
	author = {Buffen, Aron M. and Thompson, Lonnie G. and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Huh, Kyung In}
}
@article {2124,
	title = {Late-Quaternary lowstands of Lake Titicaca: evidence from high-resolution seismic data},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {179},
	year = {2002},
	note = {560qxTimes Cited:31
Cited References Count:33
},
	month = {Apr 15},
	pages = {97-111},
	abstract = {Approximately 600 km of high-resolution seismic reflection data were collected to investigate the late-Quaternary stratigraphic development of Lake Titicaca. The focus of this report is on two seismic sequence boundaries, which are interpreted as erosional surfaces formed at times of low lake level. The younger erosional surface occurs as much as 90 in below the present lake level and up to 8 in below the present sediment-water interface. This erosional surface is interpreted to be coeval with a well-documented early- to mid-Holocene lowstand, dated between similar to 8000 and 3600 cal yr BP. An earlier and previously unknown erosional surface occurs at a sub-bottom depth of approximately 30 m, and as much as 240 in below the present lake level, which implies a major late-Pleistocene lowstand of Lake Titicaca. By extrapolation of sedimentation rates from the upper similar to 14 in of sediment, we estimate the age of this older lowstand at > 90 000 cal yr BP. Both lowstands of Lake Titicaca indicated by the seismic data are likely to have been a response to climatic change in the region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Andes, bolivian altiplano, central andes, climatic-change, Holocene, lacustrine, lake level change, lake titicaca, level, malawi, Peru, record, seismic reflection data, tropical paleoclimate, tropical south-america},
	isbn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00411-4},
	author = {D{\textquoteright}Agostino, K. and Seltzer, G. and Baker, P. and Fritz, S. and Dunbar, R.}
}
