@article {2716,
	title = {A 12,700-year history of paleolimnological change from an Andean microrefugium},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {29},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jul-02-2020},
	pages = {231 - 243},
	abstract = {We present a 12,6700-yr limnological history of Lake Miski, a high-elevation lake in a wet section of the Peruvian Andes. While many shallow Andean lakes dried up during the mid-Holocene, loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility, and diatom analysis showed that Lake Miski was a constant feature in the landscape. Overall, fluctuations in the fossil diatom communities of Lake Miski tracked changes in insolation, but this was not the only mechanism influencing observed variability. We identify periods when insolation and interactions with the Pacific Ocean may have played a role in structuring local climate and diatom assemblages. The true mid-Holocene Dry Event (MHDE) is manifested in this record between 8000 and 5000 cal BP, but the carbonate stratigraphy and the diatom community indicated that although the level of the lake decreased, it never completely dried out, instead there was higher availability of planktic habitat and stronger mixing than in much of the Holocene. High rates of biological change observed during the late-Holocene in other records from Peru associated with human amplification of climatic signals were not observed in Lake Miski, as this lake may have been too wet and remote to be strongly influenced by human activity. Because of the presence of a woodland microrefugium, Lake Miski was suggested to have been an unusually climatically stable and wet location during the regional drying associated with the MHDE. Our new limnological information provides additional insights relating to this discussion. The presence of the observed woodland apparently withstood fluctuations that induced state changes in the lake and diatom flora, underscoring that microrefugia do not equate to {\textquoteleft}unchanging{\textquoteright} hydrologies or climates.},
	keywords = {Andes, diatoms, drought, enso, Holocene, limnology, microrefugia, mid-Holocene dry event, paleoecology},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683618810400},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683618810400},
	author = {de Novaes Nascimento, Majoi and Laurenzi, Anne Gail and Valencia, Bryan G and Van, Robert and Bush, Mark}
}
@article {2713,
	title = {A human role in Andean megafaunal extinction?},
	journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
	volume = {205},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-02-2019},
	pages = {154 - 165},
	abstract = {A new fossil pollen, Sporormiella, and sediment chemistry record from Lake Llaviucu, Ecuador, spanning the period from 16,280{\textendash}9000 years Before Present, provides a high-resolution record of paleoecological change in the high Andes. The deglacial transition from super-p{\'a}ramo through p{\'a}ramo grasslands, to Andean forest is traced, with near-modern systems being established by c. 11,900 years ago. It is suggested that forest elements probably existed in microrefugial populations close to the ice front. Sporormiella is used as a proxy for megafaunal abundance, and its decline to background levels is inferred to indicate a local extinction event at c. 12,800 years ago. About 1800 years prior to the extinction, charcoal becomes a regular sedimentary component in this very wet valley. An early date for human activity in the valley is suggested, with the direct implication of humans in the extinction of the megafauna.},
	keywords = {Andes, Deglaciation, Ecuador Extinction, Fossil pollen, Human arrival, Pleistocene megafauna, Sporormiella},
	issn = {02773791},
	doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.005},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0277379118307005},
	author = {Raczka, M.F. and Mosblech, N.A. and Giosan, L. and Valencia, B.G. and Folcik, A.M. and Kingston, M. and Baskin, S. and Bush, M.B.}
}
@article {2785,
	title = {Lake-level variability in Salar de Coipasa, Bolivia during the past \~{}40,000 yrAbstract},
	journal = {Quaternary Research},
	volume = {91},
	year = {2019},
	month = {Jan-03-2019},
	pages = {881 - 891},
	abstract = {Various paleoclimatic records have been used to reconstruct the hydrologic history of the Altiplano, relating this history to past variability of the South American summer monsoon. Prior studies of the southern Altiplano, the location of the world{\textquoteright}s largest salt flat, the Salar de Uyuni, and its neighbor, the Salar de Coipasa, generally agree in their reconstructions of the climate history of the past \~{}24 ka. Some studies, however, have highly divergent climatic records and interpretations of earlier periods. In this study, lake-level variation was reconstructed from a \~{}14-m-long sediment core from the Salar de Coipasa. These sediments span the last \~{}40 ka. Lacustrine sediment accumulation was apparently continuous in the basin from \~{}40 to 6 ka, with dry or very shallow conditions afterward. The fossil diatom stratigraphy and geochemical data (δ13C, δ15N, \%Ca, C/N) indicate fluctuations in lake level from shallow to moderately deep, with the deepest conditions correlative with the Heinrich-1 and Younger Dryas events. The stratigraphy shows a continuous lake of variable depth and salinity during the last glacial maximum and latter stages of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 and is consistent with environmental inferences and the original chronology of a drill core from Salar de Uyuni.},
	keywords = {Altiplano, Andes, Paleoclimate, paleohydrology, Paleolake, South America},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1017/qua.2018.108},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0033589418001084/type/journal_article},
	author = {Nunnery, J. Andrew and Fritz, Sherilyn C. and Baker, Paul A. and Salenbien, Wout}
}
@article {2827,
	title = {Equilibrium line altitudes along the Andes during the Last millennium: Paleoclimatic implications},
	journal = {The Holocene},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2017},
	month = {Feb-07-2018},
	pages = {1019 - 1033},
	abstract = {Deciphering the climate changes that influenced the glacial fluctuations of the last millennium requires documenting the spatial and temporal patterns of these glacial events. Here, we estimate the change in equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) between the most prominent glacial advance of the last millennium and the present for four alpine glaciers located in different climatic regimes along the Andes. For each glacier, we reconstruct scenarios of climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation anomalies) that accommodate the observed ELA changes. We focus on the following glaciers: an alpine glacier in the Cordillera Vilcanota (13{\textdegree}S), Tapado glacier (30{\textdegree}S), Cipreses glacier (34{\textdegree}S), and Tranquilo glacier (47{\textdegree}S). Our results show that the range of possible temperature and precipitation anomalies that accommodate the observed ELA changes overlap significantly at three of the four sites (i.e. Vilcanota, Cipreses, and Tranquilo). Only Tapado glacier exhibits a set of climate anomalies that differs from the other three sites. Assuming no change in precipitation, the estimated ELA changes require a cooling of at least 0.7{\textdegree}C in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 1.0{\textdegree}C at Tapado glacier, 0.6{\textdegree}C at Cipreses glacier, and 0.7{\textdegree}C at Tranquilo glacier. Conversely, assuming no change in temperature, the estimated ELA changes are explained by increases in precipitation exceeding 0.52 m yr-1 (64\% of the annual precipitation) in the Cordillera Vilcanota, 0.31 m yr-1 (89\%) at Tapado glacier, 0.22 m yr-1 (27\%) at Cipreses glacier, and 0.3 m yr-1 (27\%) at Tranquilo glacier. By mapping the ELA changes and modeling the potential climate forcing across diverse climate settings, we aim to contribute toward documenting the spatial variability of climate conditions during the last millennium, a key step to decipher the mechanisms underlying the glacial fluctuation that occurred during this period.},
	keywords = {Andes, equilibrium line altitude, glacial fluctuations, glacial reconstruction, Holocene, last millennium},
	issn = {0959-6836},
	doi = {10.1177/0959683616678458},
	url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683616678458},
	author = {Sagredo, Esteban A and Lowell, Thomas V and Kelly, Meredith A and Rupper, Summer and Aravena, Juan Carlos and Ward, Dylan J and Malone, Andrew GO}
}
@article { ISI:000269223500001,
	title = {Recently exposed vegetation reveals Holocene changes in the extent of the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru},
	journal = {QUATERNARY RESEARCH},
	volume = {72},
	number = {{2}},
	year = {2009},
	month = {SEP},
	pages = {157-163},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Radiocarbon dating of well-preserved, in-place vegetation exposed by the retreating Quelccaya Ice Cap of southeastern Peru constrains the last time the ice cap{\textquoteright}s extent was smaller than at present. Seventeen plant samples from two sites along the central western margin collectively date to 4700 and 5100 cal yr BP and strongly indicate that current ice cap retreat is unprecedented over the past similar to 5 millennia. Seventeen vegetation samples interbedded in a nearby clastic sedimentary sequence suggest ice-free conditions at this site from similar to 5200 to at least similar to 7000 cal yr BP, and place minimum constraint on early- to mid-Holocene ice cap extent. (C) 2009 University of Washington. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {14C dating, Andes, Climate change, Glacier retreat, Holocene, Peru, Quelccaya Ice Cap, South America, Tropical glaciers},
	issn = {0033-5894},
	doi = {10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.007},
	author = {Buffen, Aron M. and Thompson, Lonnie G. and Mosley-Thompson, Ellen and Huh, Kyung In}
}
@article {2124,
	title = {Late-Quaternary lowstands of Lake Titicaca: evidence from high-resolution seismic data},
	journal = {Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology},
	volume = {179},
	year = {2002},
	note = {560qxTimes Cited:31
Cited References Count:33
},
	month = {Apr 15},
	pages = {97-111},
	abstract = {Approximately 600 km of high-resolution seismic reflection data were collected to investigate the late-Quaternary stratigraphic development of Lake Titicaca. The focus of this report is on two seismic sequence boundaries, which are interpreted as erosional surfaces formed at times of low lake level. The younger erosional surface occurs as much as 90 in below the present lake level and up to 8 in below the present sediment-water interface. This erosional surface is interpreted to be coeval with a well-documented early- to mid-Holocene lowstand, dated between similar to 8000 and 3600 cal yr BP. An earlier and previously unknown erosional surface occurs at a sub-bottom depth of approximately 30 m, and as much as 240 in below the present lake level, which implies a major late-Pleistocene lowstand of Lake Titicaca. By extrapolation of sedimentation rates from the upper similar to 14 in of sediment, we estimate the age of this older lowstand at > 90 000 cal yr BP. Both lowstands of Lake Titicaca indicated by the seismic data are likely to have been a response to climatic change in the region. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Andes, bolivian altiplano, central andes, climatic-change, Holocene, lacustrine, lake level change, lake titicaca, level, malawi, Peru, record, seismic reflection data, tropical paleoclimate, tropical south-america},
	isbn = {0031-0182},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00411-4},
	author = {D{\textquoteright}Agostino, K. and Seltzer, G. and Baker, P. and Fritz, S. and Dunbar, R.}
}
